Terrazzo is a commonly used building decoration material. It is widely used because of its rich source of raw materials, low price, good decorative effect and simple construction process. Terrazzo is also a kind of artificial stone, which is made of cement and mixed with marble or granite crushed stone of different colors and particle sizes. After stirring, molding, curing, grinding and other processes, an artificial stone with a certain decorative effect, terrazzo is made.

1. The construction operation procedure is as follows:

Leveling layer construction - fixed grid strip - plastering - polishing – waxing

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2. Operation points

(1) Leveling layer construction

The construction process of cement mortar leveling layer mainly controls the following problems:

A. Basic cleaning. The hollow of the terrazzo floor is not strong, and many of them are caused by the insufficient cleaning of the base layer and the sundries that affect the bonding. Therefore, in the process arrangement, the cleaning of the base layer should be completed as a process, that is to say, the next process cannot be carried out without cleaning the base layer.

B. The consistency of the cement mortar should be appropriate, and the mixing should be uniform. The method of on-site mixing in batches, manual mixing, and local distribution should not be advocated. If there is a drainage slope requirement, special attention should be paid to the direction of the flashing water and the location and elevation of the floor drain, which should be completed accurately during the construction of the leveling layer. It is inappropriate to do the leveling layer without seriousness and then look for the slope on the surface layer. In order to better control the drainage slope, after the leveling layer is completed, if an inspection process can be added, and if something is found to be inappropriate and dealt with in time, the slope problem can be better solved. It is also necessary to cooperate with the equipment and types of work to solve the problems of construction period and progress, elevation and protection of the two types of work.

C. Pay attention to check the quality of the structure, such as cracks in the floor. If cracks are found, the relevant units should be brought to the attention, and judgments and treatment opinions should be made. About the terrazzo floors in recent years, the terrazzo surface is often affected by cracks in the floor (other surfaces will also encounter similar situations). The cracks that need to be treated should be treated before the construction of the leveling layer. If the surface layer is finished, it will affect the integrity of the color of the surface layer and cause traces of connection. For grounds with frequent water flow, such as bathrooms, kitchens, etc., it is also necessary to pay attention to the wiping of the floor drain and the plugging of the holes through the floor, because these parts must be repaired once water penetrates. Repairing will destroy the local surface layer. Although it can be repaired, the connection between the front and rear constructions is relatively obvious. Before doing the leveling layer, special attention should be paid to these problems. After the construction of the leveling layer is completed, it should be watered for maintenance after 24 hours, and the surface layer construction can be done after curing for 2 to 3 days.

(2) Fixed grid bars

The terrazzo floor is inlaid with grid strips, which not only increases the beauty of the floor, but also facilitates construction. Therefore, the existing terrazzo floors are equipped with grid bars. To insert the grid bar, you must first play the line, and bounce the position of the grid bar to the leveling layer. The elastic line is mainly based on the design requirements for the division, combined with the plane size of the construction site, so as to be accurate and fully reflect the design intent. Some designs do not specify the size and direction of the division. When determining the size of the division, 1¡1m is generally used. Sometimes it is necessary to consider the position of the door and the pattern and division of the ceiling, so that the division of the ground and the division of the ceiling echo.

The fixed grid bars are made of plain grout. In a sub-compartment, it is partially fixed with plain grout, and then the upper part is checked by pulling through the line. The height of the grout generally accounts for about 70% of the height of the grid bars, and the upper part is generally reserved for 3-4mm, which is not suitable for plastering grout.

In the vertical and horizontal intersection of the grid strips, leave 4~5cm each without wiping the plain paste, so as to avoid the phenomenon that the stone ballast is scarce there. The grid strips should be selected before use. If the corners are damaged, pay attention to the direction of usage, so that the damaged side is facing down. Straighten the copper and aluminum strips that are not straight before use. The glass grids are easy to break, so pay attention to storage. The grid strips of various materials should pay attention to the neat corners at the ends, so as to avoid the obvious phenomenon of splicing at the splicing point.

After the grid strips are fixed, pay attention to protection and proper watering and maintenance. The dislocated grid bars should be replaced in time.

(3) Plastering ash

The grid bars are fixed for about three days. When the grid bars are stable, the surface ash can be plastered, commonly known as ash loading.

First, the leveling layer should be cleaned, and the floating ash ballast or broken grid should be cleaned. In order to make the surface layer mortar and the leveling layer firmly bonded, wet the leveling layer before plastering the surface layer, and then brush a plain paste. The plastering layer should be applied from the inside to the outside. After installing a piece, tap it lightly with an iron trowel, and then smooth it out. Finally, place a small ruler on the grid bars on both sides to check the leveling and elevation, and finally roll it with a roller.

If the part is super high, use an iron trowel to dig out the excess part, and then pat the dug out part to smooth it out. Do not use a scraper to level it, because it is easy to cause uneven distribution of stone ballast, or partial stone ballast is too small, resulting in overall inconsistency. Use the trowel to tap with moderate force, so that the surface is flat and the stone ballast is stable. The surface plastering should be 1-2mm higher than the grid bar. After polishing, the surface layer and the grid strip can be kept consistent.

If art terrazzo is used, it is advisable to finish the surface layer mortar of the same color first, and then make another color, so as to avoid mixing. Use different shades of surface layers on the same ground. When laying ash, it is advisable to lay the dark part first, and then the light part. The mixing of the surface paint, the mixing of the different specifications and colors of the ballast, should be the responsibility of a special person. In particular, the amount of pigment added should be strictly measured. The pigments are mixed into the cement, and the dry mixing is done first, and then the washed ballast is mixed with the cement. The consistency of cement ballast slurry is about 6cm. Before large-scale construction, a small sample should be made first, and after the design is confirmed, the large-scale development can be carried out.

The ratio of cement and ballast slurry for the surface layer is slightly different depending on the particle size of the ballast, and it can also be different due to the different requirements of the decorative effect. The commonly used ratio is: cement: ballast = 1: 1.5 ~ 2 (volume ratio). In order to obtain denser ballast on the surface layer and increase the appearance, it is also possible to sprinkle a layer of stone ballast on the surface after the surface layer is flattened, and then flatten it and pat it firmly. But it should be noted that the ballast should be evenly spread and the quantity should be appropriate.