There are three major series of grinding tools: bonded abrasive tools, coated abrasive tools and superhard abrasive tools. Each has its own characteristics, exists independently, and has its own advantages.

1. Bonded Abrasives

Bonded abrasives are tools with a certain shape and a certain grinding ability made of abrasives (grinding materials) and binders. Marking example of bonded abrasives: shape, size, abrasive grits, bond, hardness organization 35M/SGB/T2485 shape code 300×50×75 abrasive type abrasive grits and bond, except for the standard number of the highest working speed and the technical conditions of the abrasive tool, the rest are the characteristics of the bonded abrasive tool. Abrasive grits refers to the size of the abrasive, and the abrasive of bonded abrasives adopts the next series of standards. These 7 characteristics are based on each stipulation in the machinery industry standard compiled by the National Abrasives Standardization Technical Committee in 1998 and published by China Press.
(1) Hardness: The hardness here refers to the strength of the bond and the abrasive of the bonded abrasive under the action of external force. According to the thickness of the grits, sandblasting hardness tester and Rockwell hardness are used to measure. Hardness is divided into super soft (super soft 1, super soft 2), soft (soft 1, soft 2), medium soft (medium soft 1, medium soft 2), medium (medium 1, medium 2), medium hard (medium hard 1, medium hard2,medium hard 3), hard (hard 1, hard 2), super hard (super hard 1, super hard 2) and other 7 major grades, a total of 15 minor grades.
(2) Bond: Bond refers to the materials in which various bonds and abrasives are bonded in bonded abrasives. Bonded abrasives usually use four types of bonds: ceramic, resin, rubber, and magnesite. Among these four types of bonds, the proportion of ceramic bond abrasives is the largest. The main materials of ceramic bonds are clay, feldspar, loess, quartz stone, etc. According to different abrasives, different uses and different preparation methods (casting or pressing), different ceramic bonds are used. Resin bonds are mainly phenolic resins, which are divided into two categories: powder resins and liquid resins. They are also divided into various resin bonds according to different preparation methods and different uses. At present, three types of rubber bonds are artificial styrene-butadiene rubber, sodium-butadiene rubber and liquid rubber, which are divided into various rubber bonds according to different preparation methods and different uses. The main materials of magnesite bonds are magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride, which are mainly used for fine-grained abrasives for fine processing purposes. The codes of various bonds are as follows: Bond name, bond code, ceramic Bond V, resin Bond B, rubber bond R and rhombohedrite bond MG.

(3) Tissue: Tissue refers to the volume occupied by the abrasive in the bonded abrasive, expressed in % by weight. Usually the organization is not displayed in the abrasive tool logo, but when the formula is set during manufacture, self-control is expressed in Arabic numerals, that is, the smaller the number, the looser the organization, that is, the less abrasive ratio in the consolidated abrasive tool, and vice versa, the tighter the tissue, the more abrasive ratio it occupies. Usually there are 13 organization numbers from 0 to 12.

2. Coated Abrasives

Coated abrasives refer to abrasives in which the binder adheres the abrasive to the flexible substrate, also known as flexible abrasives. Coated abrasives have nine characteristics: substrate type - substrate treatment - abrasive type - abrasive grits- sand planting density - bond type - bond strength - shape – size.

3. Super Hard Abrasives

Superhard abrasives refer to abrasives made of artificial diamond or cubic boron nitride superhard abrasives, which are another major series of abrasives. Superabrasives have the following features and marks: concentration, bond, grits, abrasive grade, thickness of abrasive layer, aperture, total thickness, diameter, and shape code. The above features and marks are in accordance with the 1998 National Abrasives Standardization Technology The committee compiled the provisions of each standard in the China Machinery Industry Standard published by the China Press. Regarding the concentration: it is roughly the same as the organization number of the bonded abrasive, but it should be indicated in the logo of the superhard abrasive. The so-called concentration refers to the grams of superhard abrasive contained in each CM3 volume of superhard abrasives, expressed in %, and the concentration code is as follows: code abrasive content (G/CM3) concentration 250.2225% 500.4450% 750.6675% 1000.88100% 1501.32150% About the bond: refers to the type of bond used in superhard abrasives. The bond code is as follows: resin bond B metal bond M ceramic bond V.

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