Fair-faced concrete includes fair-faced concrete, fair-faced concrete products, colored concrete floors, exposed aggregate fair-faced concrete, etc. In our country, these types of fair-faced concrete have been used more and more in urban construction and landscape environment construction. A brief introduction is as follows :

1.Fair-faced Concrete

The fair-faced concrete first appeared in the 1920s. It belongs to the concrete formed by one-time pouring, and it does not do any external decoration after forming, but only coats one or two layers of transparent protective agent on the surface, and directly uses the natural surface effect of the cast-in-place concrete as the decoration. The surface is flat and smooth, with uniform color, clear edges and corners, no damage or pollution, which is very natural and solemn, showing a most essential beauty, with a simple, natural and calm appearance, and its inherent heavy Qingya is something that some modern building materials cannot imitate and match. More and more architects in the world use fair-faced concrete technology, such as world-class architects IM Pei, Tadao Ando, etc., have used fair-faced concrete in their designs. World-renowned art public buildings such as the National Grand Theater of Japan and the Paris Prehistoric Museum are all made of fair-faced concrete.

Because the fair-faced concrete structure is formed at one time, no chisel repair or plastering, a large amount of construction waste is reduced, no decoration is required, and chemical products such as coatings and finishes are discarded, and the quality of plastering cracking, hollowing and even falling off is avoided. It has alleviated the common quality problems such as slurry leakage and floor cracks in structural construction. With the increasing calls for energy conservation, environmental protection and improvement of project quality in my country's concrete industry, the research, development and application of fair-faced concrete has attracted widespread attention. And it has been partially applied in some important structural engineering and high-precision concrete products. Among them, Zhengzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center, Lenovo Group Beijing R&D Base, Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 and other projects have become typical examples of Chinese large-scale application of concrete.

The construction technology of fair-faced concrete is a mature technology in foreign countries, but there is no implementation of large-scale projects in China until today. The difficulty is mainly reflected in the scientific and rigorous project management, which is why fair-faced concrete construction is very common in foreign countries and also an important reason why it is rare in the country. For a complex project, the most important thing is to have a good and suitable operating system. From organizing design, arranging construction to project management and supervision and inspection, if every link runs well, it is a matter of course to realize fair-faced concrete. At present, there is still a big difference between domestic industry insiders and construction units in their understanding of the definition and quality standards of fair-faced concrete. There is no uniform quality standard for fair-faced concrete. There is also no quality acceptance standard for fair-faced concrete and an evaluation method and system for concrete appearance quality, which will affect the popularization and application of fair-faced concrete technology to a certain extent.

The infinite charm of fair-faced concrete still needs to be established and developed through continuous practice and innovation. In addition, the misunderstanding of the cost of using fair-faced concrete is also an important reason that affects the widespread use of fair-faced concrete. Although the fair-faced concrete structure is meticulously worked, the construction period is prolonged, the manpower and material resources invested in the structural construction stage are increased, and the use cost is about 20% higher than that of ordinary concrete, but the plastering, ceiling, decorative surface and other contents are finally discarded. Reduce maintenance costs and ultimately reduce the total project cost. But unfortunately, construction units often fail to see this, and they also need to improve their understanding and change their concepts.

The construction operation of fair-faced concrete in my country mostly relies on manual labor, and the degree of mechanization and standardization of construction is not high. The structural design and construction technology still need theoretical research and practical application. However, with the acceleration of international standards and the increasing attention paid to environmental friendly buildings, fair-faced concrete will surely have a broad space for development.

2.Fair-faced Concrete Products

In addition to being used as decoration on the interior and exterior walls of buildings, fair-faced concrete can also be made into fair-faced concrete products such as pavement bricks, interlocking bricks, decorative blocks, fair-faced concrete decorative panels, and colored concrete tiles. The production of fair-faced concrete products in China started in the 1970s, mainly relying on the introduction of a complete set of process equipment to produce pressed and formed colored concrete pavement bricks. In recent years, several production lines of fair-faced concrete blocks have been introduced. As for roofing materials, colored concrete tiles have developed extremely rapidly in the past ten years. In addition to the above three types of products, the production and application of other fair-faced concrete products are still in their infancy.

The development of fair-faced concrete products has unique favorable conditions. First, the raw material resources are very rich, and industrial waste residues and tailings such as fly ash and coal gangue can also be used; second, there are mature mixing and production processes, and the performance and durability of fair-faced concrete and its products are good; third, the mixture of concrete is easy to color and form; fourth, it is good for processing and can be processed into different textures; fifth, it has a wide range of applications and can be widely used in industrial and civil buildings, gardens, municipal projects and other projects; sixth, it can obtain better economic benefits.

Fair-faced concrete products, including decorative blocks, are one of the development directions of today's cement concrete products. Foreign developed countries take concrete blocks as one of the main wall materials, of which fair-faced concrete blocks occupy a certain proportion. In addition to the advantages of ordinary concrete blocks, decorative blocks also integrate decoration, waterproofing, heat preservation, heat insulation and sound absorption, and have various functions. In order to promote its start and development in China, the "Eighth Five-Year" and "Ninth Five-Year" technical progress plans for Chinese housing building materials industry, and the "Eighth Five-Year" and "Ninth Five-Year" development plans for China's building blocks have all put decorative blocks into the development plans. The State Building Materials Bureau has repeatedly issued scientific research projects to develop decorative blocks and equipment technology, and formulate industry standards for fair-faced concrete blocks. Chinese 2000 Well-off Housing Demonstration Project has put block and block construction, decorative block and decorative block construction into one of the three building systems.

With the advancement of wall material innovation, fair-faced concrete products will have great development in China. The development and application of various new fair-faced concrete products can not only provide a large number of new building materials for Chinese urban construction, but also expand a larger market scope for my country's concrete industry to promote the technological progress and economic development of the industry.

3.Colored Concrete Floor

Colored concrete floor is a kind of green and environmentally friendly fair-faced concrete that has been popular in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Europe in recent years and has been rapidly promoted in major developed countries in the world. It can create various natural marbles, granites, bricks, tiles, etc. through creative designs of colors, shades, textures, styles, textures, mechanisms and irregular lines, organic combinations of patterns and colors on the original surface of old and new concrete. The laying effect of natural stone such as wooden floor has the characteristics of beautiful and natural graphics, real and durable colors, and durable texture.

The colored concrete floor adopts surface treatment technology, which carries out surface coloring and strengthening treatment on the concrete base surface to achieve the effect of fair-faced concrete. At the same time, infiltration protection treatment is carried out on the colored and strengthened ground to meet the requirements of clean ground and ground maintenance. Therefore, the structural mode of fair-faced concrete is three basic layers of concrete base, colored surface and protective layer, which is the result of the balance between good performance and economic requirements.

Colored concrete floors can be widely used in sidewalks, parks, squares, playgrounds, noble residential roads, parking lots, courtyards, subway platforms, swimming pools, etc. Landscape creation with extreme safety and durability. At the same time, it is easy to construct, does not require compaction machinery, has brighter colors, and can form various patterns. More importantly, it is not limited by terrain and can be made arbitrarily. Decorative, flexible and expressive, it is the unique character of fair-faced concrete. Fair-faced concrete can be combined with different colors such as red, green, yellow and other specific patterns to achieve different functional needs: the role of warning and guiding traffic, such as at intersections, bus stops, dangerous areas up and down slopes, sidewalks and need to guide vehicles to separate lanes; changes in surface road functions, such as parking lots, bicycle lanes, bus lanes, etc.; improve lighting effects, use light colors to improve lighting effects, such as tunnels, viaducts, etc. Areas with higher requirements; landscaping, reasonable use of colors, contribute to the coordination, harmony and beauty of surrounding landscapes, such as sidewalks, squares, parks, entertainment venues, etc.

4. Exposed Aggregate Fair-faced Concrete

Exposed aggregate fair-faced concrete is a concrete that is properly exposed by certain technological means before or after the concrete is hardened, and achieves a certain decorative effect with the natural color, grain shape, texture and arrangement of the aggregate. Its production process includes washing method, retarding method, pickling method, water grinding method, shot blasting method, chisel and chop method, etc.

The color of exposed aggregate fair-faced concrete varies with the depth of surface peeling and the type of cement and sand. Bright cement and aggregate should be selected. Because most aggregates have stable color and are not easily polluted, exposed aggregate fair-faced concrete has good decorative durability and can create a variety of environmental atmospheres such as modern, retro, and natural. It is a promising high-end finishing method.

Conclusion

In general, fair-faced concrete has the following advantages: first, from the perspective of specifications, it can achieve large-scale, multi-curved and mold production; second, from the perspective of modeling, it can be used alone or complex Third, in terms of texture, it can imitate various effects such as metal and wood; fourth, in terms of color, almost all colors, including gold and silver, can be expressed; fifth, from the molding process From the above, it can be cast-in-place or prefabricated, and the technology is mature and reasonable. Sixth, from the perspective of energy conservation and environmental protection, concrete materials have a wide range of sources, low energy consumption, relatively less pollution to the environment by the support body, and can consume a large amount of industrial waste slag and waste; Seventh, from the perspective of cost, the cost is higher than that of natural stone, Metal materials are much cheaper, increasing the technological added value of concrete materials. At the same time, the never-ending development is another aspect of fair-faced concrete.

Remarkable characteristics, unremitting exploration has made fair-faced concrete extend to walls, countertops and three-dimensional spaces. The organic combination of various materials, colors, patterns and processes will make fair-faced concrete no matter where it is. In terms of technology, craftsmanship and design concept, it will always maintain fresh vitality. It is a building material with low cost and wide application, a building material that can perfectly combine architecture and art.

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